
Pt
0.5
Au
0.5
NPs
Pt
0.6
Au
0.4
NP surface
5.0
1 M LiClO
4
in PC/DME(1:2)
Carbon
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
E versus Li (V
Li
)
2.5
2.0
0 400
Q (mAh/g
carbon
)
ORR @ Au
OER @ Pt
800 1200
Xu et al., JPCL 1, 2514–2518 (2010)
PtAu/C
100 mA/g and 0.04 mA/cm
2
FIGURE 3.36
See text for caption.
TABLE 3.1
Summary of Characteristics and Properties of Anode Materials Designed for
Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries
Material
Theoretical
capacity
(mAhg
–1
)
Advantages Issues Structures
Li
4
Ti
5
O
12
170
Negligible volume
expansion, low cost,
stable electrochemical
operation and high
thermal stability in
the charged–
discharged state,
already in large-scale
production
Low specific capacity,
high voltage
Li
x
Sn
y
990
High capacity, ...