
26 Electrochemically Enabled Sustainability
electrode is conned to the other side of the membrane, and is in
touch with the gas phase, containing high-purity CO
2
.
2. Full continuous cells, where the cell is rst ushed with a stream of
carbon dioxide, and then closed, and voltage applied onto the cell.
3. Semi-half continuous cells, with a design similar to the full continu-
ous cell, but operating in the presence of a continuous ow of CO
2
through the cell.
All three operation modes have proven efcient in a special photoelectro-
catalytic cell (PEC) based on nanostructured electrodes, which converted
CO
2
to long-chain hydrocarbons (with a cha ...