
141Lithium Batteries
Other innovative cathode materials attracting interest in lithium-ion bat-
tery technology are based on spinel-type or layered structured compounds,
such as lithium nickel manganese oxide, LiNi
0.5
Mn
1.5
O
4
[32], and nickel
cobalt manganese oxide, LiNi
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
O
2
[33]. The former material is
characterised by a two-phase electrochemical process reecting in a at volt-
age prole evolving around 4.5 V vs. Li. The theoretical specic capacity is
146 mAh g
−1
. LiNi
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
O
2
operates via a typical lithium insertion/
de-insertion electrochemical process, characterised by a sloping voltage
averaging around 4 V vs. Li. The theoretical ...