
206 Electrochemically Enabled Sustainability
transition metals in the layered structure such as LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
1−x−y
O
2
are
also based on this precursor method, which could be called co-precipitation
method. In terms of integrated layered cathodes with the xLi
2
M′O
3
⋅ (1 − x)
LiMO
2
formula (both M′ and M indicate transition metals), co-precipitation
methods [26,65], sol–gel methods [66], combustion methods [67], as well as
ion-exchange methods [68] have been successfully applied to obtain the well-
crystallised products with controllable particle size. Owing to the similar
ordering of atoms in the layered structure (i.e. close-packed oxygen atoms
consist ...