
211Layer-Structured Cathode Materials forEnergy Storage
applied to obtain nanoscale mapping of Li
+
diffusion and redistribution
induced by the tip bias. First, BE-ESM mapping was conducted on the as-
deposited LiNi
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
O
2
thin-lm cathode. The structure of this cath-
ode material has been conrmed to be a hexagonal α-NaFeO
2
-type structure
with the preferred crystallographic orientation of (003) and (104) by XRD.
Figure 5.20a shows a high-resolution topographical image of the polycrystal-
line LiNi
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
O
2
thin-lm cathode as synthesised, which consists of
columnar grains with the average grain size of ~100 nm. The surface rough