
331Lead–Carbon Hybrid Ultracapacitors andTheir Applications
0 500 1000 1500 2000
6
8
10
12
14
Time/s
Current Capacitance
3 A1.38 kF
6 A 1.36 kF
9 A 1.34 kF
12 A 1.31 kF
15 A 1.25 kF
0 1000 2000 3000
6
8
10
12
14
Current Capacitance
3 A 2.45 kF
6 A 2.45 kF
9 A 2.42 kF
12 A2.38 kF
15 A2.31 kF
FIGURE 8.4
Constant-current discharge proles at varying current loads: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 A for (a) AGM and
(b) gelled 12 V/kF-range lead–carbon HUCs.