Electrokinetic Remediation for Environmental Security and Sustainability

17Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater: Sensor Potential for Monitoring Electroremediation Systems

Cátia Magro¹, Eduardo P. Mateus¹, Maria de Fátima Raposo², and Alexandra B. Ribeiro¹

¹ CENSE – Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829‐516 Caparica, Portugal

² CEFITEC, Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829‐516 Caparica, Portugal

17.1 Scope

Today, more than 700 emerging contaminants and their metabolites and transformation products are listed as being present in European bodies of water [1]. Emerging contaminants are defined as “synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not commonly monitored in the environment, but which have the potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological and (or) human health effects.” In some cases, release of emerging contaminants into the environment has likely occurred for a long time but may not have been recognized until new detection methods were developed [2]. Emerging contaminants are currently not included in (inter)national routine monitoring programs, and their fate, behavior, and eco‐toxicological effects are often not well understood. They can be released from point pollution sources, e.g. wastewater treatment plants from urban or industrial areas, or from diffuse sources through atmospheric deposition, or from ...