Electronic Waste

3e-Waste Transboundary Movement Regulations in Various Jurisdictions*

Pablo Dias^1,2, Md Tasbirul Islam³, Bin Lu⁴, Nazmul Huda³, and Andréa M. Bernarde²

¹University of New South Wales, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, 229 Anzac Parade, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

²Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Engineering School, Department of Materials, 9500, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91509-900, Brazil

³Macquarie University, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Balaclava Rd, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia

⁴Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China

3.1 Background

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (abbreviated as waste electrical and electronic equipment () or e-waste) is generally regarded as all end-of-life devices that use electricity (battery or cord/circuity). It thus includes televisions, computers, phones, refrigerators, washing machines, toys, kettles, etc. It encompasses almost any household or business device in addition to medical equipment (e.g. resonance tomography scanners) (Kuehr 2019). There is no precise figure determining the generation of e-waste worldwide, but it is agreed that it has been rising consistently and should continue to increase as new technologies are released and the lifespan of equipment decreases (Balde et al. 2015; Ongondo ...