Chapter 7Production of Valuable Phenolic Compounds from Lignin by Biocatalysis: State-of-the-Art Perspective
>Somchart Maenpuen, Ruchanok Tinikul, Pirom Chenprakhon and Pimchai Chaiyen
7.1 Lignin and Its Composition
7.1.1 Composition of Lignin
Lignocellulose is the most abundant (bio)chemical found in nature. It is composed of ∼50% of cellulose, 20–35% of hemicellulose, and ∼15–30% of lignin. Lignin consists of amorphous rigid networks of phenylpropane units. The majority of lignin aromatic building blocks are syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) moieties (Figure 7.1) that are condensation products of the corresponding monolignols – sinapyl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and p-coumaryl alcohol (Figure 7.1). These aryl alcohols ...
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