Energy Storage for Power System Planning and Operation

2Modeling of Energy Storage Systems for Power System Operation and Planning

2.1 Introduction

An energy storage system (ESS) can capture energy produced at one time for use at a later time. The energy can come from and release to different forms, including chemical, potential, electricity, and kinetic. In this book, we focus on the ESS that can convert electricity into other forms of energy for storage, and extract the electrical energy back when needed. To study the economic dispatch and expansion planning of a power system with the participation of ESS, the modeling of an ESS in the steady state is the fundamental work. The ESS model should accurately describe the process of energy conversion, considering the factors that limit the energy conversion comprehensively.

In present literatures, the modeling of ESSs in the steady state generally can be divided into two categories. The first category is to model for a particular type of ESS. Reference [1] studies the single cell and equivalent circuit model of a lithium ion battery. The modeling of an all‐vanadium redox flow battery is studied in reference [2]. In reference [3], the research aims to model the ultracapacitor and simulation verifications are carried out. This type of modeling is to establish a detailed model based on the underlying principle of a particular form of ESS. The model can be used for improved product design, state estimation (e.g. estimating the state of charge), and optimal control of the specific ESS. ...