Manipulative processes involve the shaping of a material by plastic deforma-
tion processes. Where the deformation is carried out at a temperature in excess
of the recrystallization temperature of the metal, the process is said to involve
hot working. Plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization
temperature is called
cold
working.
The main hot working processes are rolling,
forgin
Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month, and much more.