Complexities in Nanomaterials––Case Studies 407
If the biosensor is to be used for invasive monitoring in clinical situations, the
probe must be tiny and biocompatible, having no toxic or antigenic effects.
For rapid measurements of analytes from human samples, biosensor should pro-
vide real-time analysis.
The complete biosensor should be cheap, small, portable and capable of being
used by semi-skilled operators.
Typical recognition elements used in biosensors are: enzymes, nucleic acids, an-
tibodies, whole cells, and receptors. Of these, enzymes are among the most common.
[40] Taking into account the biomolecule that recognizes the target analyte, biosensors
...