291Renewable Electricity
steam. That uid can be stored as thermal energy for later use; the storage
must be on-site as the uid cannot be transported long distances without
excessive heat loss. While this is a relatively inexpensive form of storage, it
is associated exclusively with CSP technologies and, therefore, will not enjoy
widespread use until such point in time that CSP technologies are widely
economically competitive.
7.6.2 Demand-Side Options
In addition to these supply-side options, as shown in Figure 7.23, there are
additional options on the demand side for mitigating the VU associated with
the VRETs. The least expensive options are those associated with the mar-
ket structure itself. There are numerous ways that markets can be structur ...