ESD

4Analog ESD Circuits

4.1 Analog ESD Devices and Circuits

ESD protection for analog design utilizes a wide variety of ESD networks due to a broad spectrum of application spaces. In this chapter, low-voltage to high-voltage ESD devices will be discussed [1–13].

4.2 ESD Diodes

ESD diodes are used for analog design for low-voltage applications from receivers for single-ended and differential pair receivers [2–4]. Many analog applications cannot utilize these devices due to voltage tolerance issues.

4.2.1 Dual Diode and Series Diodes

A common on-chip protection network used in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is the dual-diode (DD) network. With the introduction of the n-channel and p-channel transistor on the same wafer, a protection network using the p- and n-diffusions for diode elements is possible. Figure 4.1 contains the circuit schematic of the DD ESD network [1–4]. This network can be responsive to both electrical overstress (EOS) and ESD events [7, 8]. This network is bidirectional and symmetric turn-on.

Figure 4.1 DD ESD network.

4.2.2 Dual Diode–Resistor

A common on-chip protection network used in CMOS technology is the DD network with a series resistor. Whereas high-speed digital and radio frequency (RF) applications minimize the series resistance on receivers, analog applications can have resistors with significant resistance magnitude ( ...