Breadboard
The breadboard view shows just how confusing a circuit can get in reality.
In the schematic view, the pin connections are simplified for an easier to follow graphic. However, in the breadboard view shown in the top image, we see exactly how the components are connected to each other.
Since only one LED should be lit during the traffic light’s operation, all LEDs share a single resistor. This, again, is to reduce the component count in the build. Reducing the component count will also be helpful in organizing the breadboard for the project. In this case, all the negative sides of the LEDs are connected together at the bottom power rail, ...
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