
13.3 Some Project Management Techniques 355
the third is needed in the monitoring phase. The fourth (measurement) is
needed for part of planning and for monitoring. Additional details on
software project management techniques can be found in Kemerer
(1997).
13.3.1 Project Effort Estimation
Estimating the software project effort has always been a difficult task, espe-
cially for the new managers who come up from the ranks of technical posi-
tions. Many would still say that while more rigor is needed, effort and cost
estimation is an art that requires a lot of past experience. This experience
relates to “knowing” what to consider, how much extra buffer ...