Introduction

DOI: 10.4324/9781003255604-1

Imagine that you are walking along some railway tracks and you suddenly notice a runaway train speeding towards you. You then see that further ahead on the tracks there are five people who are unable to move for some reason. The train is heading straight for them. But then you realise that you are standing next to a railway lever. If you pull down on this lever, the train will switch over to a different set of tracks. However, you see that one person is lying on the side track, who is also unable to move. This means you have two options: do nothing and allow the train to kill the five people on the main track or pull the lever and divert the train to the side track where it will kill one person. ...

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