Evolution and Applications of Quantum Computing

16Quantum Cryptography with an Emphasis on the Security Analysis of QKD Protocols

Radhika Kavuri*, Santhosh Voruganti, Sheena Mohammed, Sucharitha Inapanuri and B. Harish Goud

Department of Information Technology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, India

Abstract

Quantum computing is a fast-developing technology that uses the principles of quantum physics to solve issues that are too complicated for conventional computers. Even the most complex mathematical computations performed in conventional cryptographic algorithms can easily be hacked using quantum computers. Hence, cryptologists are recently looking into developing new quantum hard cryptographic algorithms that are secure against quantum computers. Quantum cryptography employs the inherent features of quantum physics in order to secure and transmit data in a way that cannot be intercepted. Quantum cryptography is emerging as a game changing technology in various domains including privacy preserving, secure online voting, banking, and manufacturing industries. This chapter covers basic terminology and concepts of quantum cryptography, trends in quantum cryptography, an in-depth overview of Quantum Key distribution protocols along with their vulnerabilities and future research foresights.

Keywords: Quantum cryptography, secure communication, quantum key distribution, BB84, BB92, E91, BBM92

16.1 Introduction

In the definition of cryptography, “crypt” stands for secret and “-graph” for writing. ...