Sample Size in Practice

Unfortunately, much of the literature that has attempted to address sample size guidelines for EFA, particularly the studies attempting to dismiss subject to item ratios, use flawed data. We will purposely not cite studies here to protect the guilty, but consider it sufficient to say that many of these studies either tend to use highly restricted ranges of subject to item ratios or fail to adequately control for or vary other confounding variables (e.g., factor loadings, number of items per scale or per factor/component) or restricted range of N. Some of these studies purporting to address subject to item ratio fail to actually test subject to item ratios in their analyses.
Researchers seeking guidance concerning sufficient ...

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