
Gal2
Gal3
Gal80
Gal2p
Galactose
Gal4pGal4p
Gal4pGal4p
Gal4pGal4p
Gal80p
Gal80p
Gal3pGal3p
Gal3p
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
-
+
+
CheRCheR
CheB
P
CheB
P
CheA
CheW
MCP
CheBCheB
CheYCheY
CheY
P
CheY
P
MM
Tumbling frequency
Ligand
(Chemoattractant)
CheZCheZ
Intracellular
Extracellular
∫
k
r
CheR
T
f
E
(·,·)
L
�
+
-
z
·
z
E
+
_
+
+
+
+
K�
2
n
∑
∑
∑
∫
∫
x
1
x
˙
1
a
22
x
˙
2
�
a
12
u
y
MAPK cascade
x
2
External
pressure
Internal
pressure
Hog1-independent
pathway
Nuclear Hog1
Fluorescence
10
�2
10
�1
10
0
10
1
�40
�20
M(�) [dB]
10
�2
10
�1
10
0
10
1
�100
�50
0
50
100
�(�) [deg]
wild type
low Pbs2
� [rad/min]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
x
y
D
1
D
2
D
3
K10870
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