
75Blasting and Earth Movement
the amount of reinforcement in the footers and the strength of the concrete is not known.
However, in these investigations, the engineer does a worst-case analysis utilizing pre-
sumptive soil capacities, assumed dimensions, and reinforcement of the footings. In this
manner the analysis of the failure can be determined. In some cases design drawings may
be available for the investigation. Figure 3.3 shows a typical basement foundation footing.
Blasting Damage
Vibrations from nearby blasting are typically transmitted by air or by ground. Damage
caused by air vibrations, usually referred to as the blast concussion or ...