
415Miscellaneous Losses
manufactured between 1981 and 1995, onboard diagnostics (OBD1) was designed to mon-
itor manufacturer specic systems. In 1996 OBD2 was developed for all cars and light
trucks sold in the United States. e vehicle diagnostics are accessed though the data link
connector (DLC) generally found under the steering column, behind the ash tray, or under
the le corner of the dash. ese systems allow for the access to the vehicle’s onboard
computer system to detect failures in a wide range of vehicles’ systems. ese tools provide
diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that specify specic trouble areas such as fuel, ignition,
emissions, ...