11Introduction
of two electrodes, separated by an electrolyte/separator. The electrodes have
a different electromotive force based on spontaneous half reactions and the
difference of the cell electromotive force denes the batteries’ terminal volt-
age. These two half reactions occur simultaneously and result in a conversion
of chemical energy to electrical energy. During this process, the electrons
transfer through external circuits performing electrical work as needed by
the load. The electrolyte allows ions to transport from one electrode to other.
The separator prevents the electrolytes from mixing and prevents contact
between the anode and cathode but still allows the ions to ow through it.
One way to classify batteries is by dening t ...