
340 Fuel Cells
have gas diffusionlayers on the electrode catalyst layer. The characteriza-
tion of the MEA includes the polarization characteristics and individual
component characterization (Barbir, 2005, Laraminie and Dicks, 2000,
Springer et al., 1993, Springer et al., 1991). The MEAs are characterized
for their voltage–current performance (polarization curve), proton resis-
tance, and electrochemical active surface areas for both the anode and
cathode using impedance spectra described earlier. The impedance spec-
tra (analyzed in the form of Nyquist plots) can be divided into clearly
separated domains, as follows: a high- frequency feature ...