Fundamentals and Applications of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles

7Technologies for the Design and Application of the Battery Management System

7.1 The Functions and Architectures of a Battery Management System

Electric vehicles always work in a complex operating environment with a variety of variables, such as temperature and humidity, load capacity, pressure, atmospheric corrosion, vibratory shock, input and output power, static placement, and so on. Therefore, the LIBs also work in a complex environment and these factors pose great challenges to their security, cycle life and effective use. It is important to manage the battery to reduce its high cost and improve its anti-abuse ability. The abuse of the battery (including over-charging, over-discharging, over-heating, etc.) could cause reduction in the battery cycle life, or even security accidents. These issues are more prominent in the battery pack because of the consistency differences of single cells. Ensuring the safety and cycle life of the battery pack in its use and management has become urgent.

Technologies for scientific management include measures for monitoring battery parameters, which can estimate battery states, ensure safe use and avoid fast reduction in cycle life in practical application.

7.1.1 The Functions of the Battery Management System

In EVs, the battery management system (BMS) has a great impact on safe operation, optimization of the strategy for vehicles, choice of the charging mode and reduction of operating costs. Either in the operation process or in the static charging ...