November 2017
Beginner
320 pages
8h 38m
English
The application layer is the topmost layer of the protocol hierarchy. It is the layer where actual communication is initiated. It uses the services of the transport layer, the network layer, the data link layer, and the physical layer to transfer data to a remote host. Two remote application processes can be in one of the two different modes:
Many protocols have been defined for the application and they include the following: