Fundamentals of Machining Processes, 3rd Edition

List of Symbols

Symbol	Definition	Unit
Θ	constant
A	atomic weight
A	tool feed rate	mm/min
Ab	area of laser beam at focal point	mm2
ac	tool-chip contact length	mm
Ac	chip cross section (depth × width)	mm2
Achip	area of longitudinal chip/tooth	mm2
Acs	area of broach chip space	mm2
ag	grinding wheel cross feed	mm/min
Ag	sum of cross-section area of structured grooves in lapping	mm2
am	maximum permissible ECM feed rate	mm/min
Ams	abrasive mesh size
A0	minimum cross-section of broach	mm2
As	area of shear plane	mm2
At	amplitude of vibration along the major axis	mm
as	amplitude of superfinishing oscillation	mm
Asz	area swept by a single tooth in v face milling	mm2
at	amplitude of tool oscillation	mm
A