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Machining Processes
1.1 Introduction
Many manufactured products require machining at some stage of their
production sequence. Machining is the removal of unwanted materials
(machining allowance) from the workpiece so as to obtain a nished product
of the desired size, shape, and surface quality. Generally, machining ranges
from relatively rough cleaning of castings to high-precision micromachining
of mechanical components that require narrow tolerances.
The removal of the machining allowance through cutting techniques was
rst adopted using simple handheld tools made from bone, stick, or stone
that were replaced by bronze or iron. The water