Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
12-1 Define and explain motivation.
Motivation is the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal.
The energy element is a measure of intensity or drive. The high level of effort needs to be directed in ways that help the organization achieve its goals. Employees must persist in putting forth effort to achieve those goals.
12-2 Compare and contrast early theories of motivation.
Individuals move up the hierarchy of five needs (physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization) as needs are substantially satisfied. A need that’s substantially satisfied no longer motivates.
A Theory X manager believes that people don’t like to work, or won’t ...
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