Chapter Summary by Learning Outcome
13-1 Define leader and leadership.
A leader is someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority. Leadership is a process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals. Managers should be leaders because leading is one of the four management functions.
13-2 Compare and contrast early leadership theories.
Early attempts to define leader traits were unsuccessful, although later attempts found seven traits associated with leadership.
The University of Iowa studies explored three leadership styles. The only conclusion was that group members were more satisfied under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one. The Ohio State studies identified two dimensions of leader ...
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