Gamification for Resilience

13 Smart Cities and Security of Critical Space Infrastructure Systems

13.1 Introduction

It is challenging to completely comprehend the current security risks to space systems due to a shortage of academic study in the area and the frequent secrecy around or classification of information concerning events harming vital infrastructure. Nevertheless, the literature in the field has highlighted the following vulnerabilities (Botezatu 2022):

• Remote sensing is gathering information about a research topic without directly contacting them. These devices are especially susceptible to laser assaults because electromagnetic weapons might be used to accomplish their primary goal.
• Communications satellites are necessary for aircraft and long-distance connections due to the planet’s curvature impeding the line of sight. The destruction of these links might lead to a huge loss of life on Earth. According to studies, the Earth component of the satellite communications infrastructure is particularly susceptible to online assaults like jamming and spoofing (Steinberger 2008).
• Meteorological space facilities are essential for missions like forecasting severe weather. These satellites are frequently created only to send pictures and meteorological data to Earth. There isn’t much published research on the vulnerabilities of meteorological satellites, but at a minimum, they probably have at least the same problems as other satellite systems.
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) and other satellite ...