4The Second Revolution (1850–1914)
Specialized Machine Tools
The need for machine tools became apparent during the First Industrial Revolution as mechanization required more specialized metal parts, and hand tools were too slow and inaccurate. John Wilkinson’s cannon boring machine was the beginning of specialized machine tools as it bored a precise hole for James Watt’s steam engine cylinder. More customized machine tools began to be developed by Henry Maudslay (1771–1831, an English machine tool innovator, mechanism and die maker, and inventor). He is considered a founding father of machine tool technology by refining and standardizing screw threads and developing the screw-cutting lathe, making v-thread machine ...
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