
8 Power-Efficient Last Mile Access
Operator 1
MME/SAEGW
MME/SAEGW
Element
Operator 1
Entity
Entity
Coaxial cable or
Optical fiber
Operator 2 Central Processing
Central Processing
Optical
Fiber
Backbone/
Internet
Operator 2
Antenna
HeNB GW
Coaxial cable
F e mto
BS
HeNB GW
Backbone/
Internet
Operator 2
Operator 1
(a) (b)
Figure 1.1: Comparison of (a) BWA-FMDA architecture and (b) femtocell
architecture with two service providers. In this figure, GW stands for gate-
way, MME/SAE denotes Mobility Management Entity/System Architecture
Evolution and HeNB refers to Home enhanced NodeB, from 3GPP’s LTE-A
terminology.
recently, the impact of integration of optical fibers with IEEE802.11x ...