116 Cross-Layer Design and Optimization
re-routing capability, these link-layer protocols have to wait for an intended
receiver to wake up again, introducing excessive sleep latency in the orders of
seconds or possibly minutes.
Motivated by the insufficiency of link-layer designs, researchers have pro-
posed cross-layer design and optimization in energy static and dynamic low-
duty-cycle wireless networks. In this section, we introduce the cross-layer op-
timization in energy static low-duty-cycle wireless networks. The cross-layer
design in energy dynamic low-duty-cycle wireless networks is introduced in
Section 4.3.
4.2.1 Network Model
In energy static low-duty-cycle networks, sensor devices are normally powered
by batteries. The available remaining