
398 CHAPTER 12. FORCE-DIRECTED DRAWING ALGORITHMS
Figure 12.9 Layouts of a graph obtained from research papers’ titles in hyperbolic space
H
2
and in spherical space S
2
[KW05].
Ostry [Ost96] considers constraining force-directed algorithms to the surface of three-
dimensional objects. This work is based on a differential equation formulation of the motion
of the nodes in the graph, and is flexible in that it allows a layout on almost any object,
even multiple objects. Since th e force calculations are made in Euclidean space, however,
this method is inapplicable to certain geometries (e.g., hyperbolic geometry).
Another example of graph embedding within ...