It is easy to learn about the Pacu module structure by just reviewing the content in the template module file that is included with Pacu. Each line and section in this file is commented to describe what it is doing and why you would do it that way. If you're more into a concrete example, then it might make sense to check out the code of some of the enumeration modules, as they tend to be a bit simpler, and they all interact with the database.
Let's say we wanted to write a module that enumerates what buckets exist in the account, and then save that information to the Pacu database. Overall, this should be a pretty simple module to make. We'll go one step further, and even consider that have a script written ...