Holographic Interferometry

Holographic Interferometry

by Gregory R. Toker
Released December 2017
Publisher(s): CRC Press
ISBN: 9781439881880

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Book description

This book demonstrates how to use standard photographic film for optical recording and reconstruction of Mach–Zehnder holograms and CCD/CMOS cameras for digital recording of Mach–Zehnder holograms/interferograms of transparent objects. It focuses on Mach–Zehnder classic, holographic reference beam, and shearing interferometry methods and how these can be used to test phase objects in aerospace and laser applications. Numerous reconstructed and classic interferograms, deflectograms, and Schlierengrams illustrate the material. This practical and accessible manual helps readers develop and design their own optimal optical scheme and choose applicable details to apply the Mach–Zehnder approach to the study of transparent objects.

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. Table of Contents
  6. Preface
  7. Introduction
  8. About the Author
  9. Section I Mach-Zehnder Optical Holographic Interferometry of Phase Objects
    1. Introduction to Section I
    2. 1 Mach-Zehnder Optical Reference Beam Interferometry
      1. 1.1 Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometers for Recording Focused Image Interferograms
        1. 1.1.1 The Optical Design of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.
        2. 1.1.2 Interference of Signal and Reference Waves
        3. 1.1.3 Characteristics of Interference Pattern
        4. 1.1.4 Infinite- and Finite-Width-Fringe Interferograms
        5. 1.1.5 Alignment of the Interferometer
      2. 1.2 Characteristics of 35-mm Photographic Films for Mach- Zehnder Interferometry
      3. 1.3 Applications of Mach-Zehnder Interferometry by Imaging on Photographic Films
        1. 1.3.1 Supersonic Micro Jet Impinging of a Spherical Target
        2. 1.3.2 Laser Drilling a Plastic
        3. 1.3.3 Laser Breakdown of Tap Water and Ethanol
    3. 2 Mach-Zehnder Reference Beam Optical Holographic Interferometry
      1. 2.1 Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometers for Recording Focused Image Holograms on Photographic Films
        1. 2.1.1 35-mm Photographic Films for Mach-Zehnder Holographic Interferometry: Spatial-Carrier Frequency of a Hologram and the Finest Details of the Reconstructed Phase Object
        2. 2.1.2 Resolving Power of the Ensemble of a Photographic Film Using an Imaging Lens
        3. 2.1.3 Nonlinear Recording and Focused Image Holograms …
        4. 2.1.4 Focused Image Holograms
      2. 2.2 Reconstruction of Focused Image Mach-Zehnder Holograms and Studying Signal Waves by Related Techniques
        1. 2.2.1 Holographic Shadow and Schlieren Techniques
        2. 2.2.2 Holographic Moire Deflectometry
        3. 2.2.3 Shearing Interferometry by Reconstruction of Two Reference Beam Signal Holograms
      3. 2.3 Studying Signal Waves by Methods of Reference Beam Mach-Zehnder Holographic Interferometry
        1. 2.3.1 Double Exposure Holographic Technique
        2. 2.3.2 Dual Hologram Technique
        3. 2.3.3 Real-Time Holographic Interference Technique
    4. 3 Dual Hologram Interferometry with Enhanced Sensitivity
      1. 3.1 Applications of Mach-Zehnder Holographic Interferometry
        1. 3.1.1 Supersonic Free and Impinging Spherical Target Air Micro Jet
        2. 3.1.2 Vaporization of Suspended Volatile Liquid Droplets in Still Air
        3. 3.1.3 Thermal Waves over Channels in Plexiglas Drilled by CO2 Laser
        4. 3.1.4 Visualization of Acoustic Waves in Dye Solution
      2. 3.2 Dual Hologram Interferometry with Enhanced Sensitivity
        1. 3.2.1 Interference Measurements of Thin Phase Objects
        2. 3.2.2 Sensitivity and Accuracy of Interference Measurements
        3. 3.2.3 Traditional Methods of Enhancing the Sensitivity of Interference Measurements
        4. 3.2.4 Enhancement of Sensitivity by Amplification of Wave Front Deformations
        5. 3.2.5 Method of Rerecording Holograms
      3. 3.3 Applications of Mach-Zehnder Dual Hologram Interferometry with Enhanced Sensitivity
        1. 3.3.1 Suspended Droplets Vaporizing in Still Air
        2. 3.3.2 Visualization of Acoustic Waves in Dye Solution
        3. 3.3.3 Testing of Supersonic Air Micro Jet Impinging Spherical Target
    5. Conclusion to Section I
  10. Section II Mach-Zehnder Optical Shearing Holographic Interferometry of Compressible Flows
    1. Introduction to Section II
    2. 4 Mach-Zehnder Shearing Holographic Interferometry and Its Applications in Aerodynamics
      1. 4.1 Problems of Application of Interference Techniques in Gas Dynamic Research
      2. 4.2 Concept of Mach-Zehnder Dual Hologram Shearing Interferometry for Gas Dynamic Applications
        1. 4.2.1 Interferometer
        2. 4.2.2 Holographic Recording
        3. 4.2.3 Hologram Reconstruction
        4. 4.2.4 Verification of Proposed Experimental Setup
        5. 4.2.5 Schlieren and Shadow Diagnostics of Wave Front Reconstructed from a Shearing Signal Mach-Zehnder Hologram
      3. 4.3 Applications of Mach-Zehnder Holographic Shearing Interferometry to Supersonic Wind Tunnel Testing
        1. 4.3.1 Dual Hologram Shearing Interferometry of the Shock Flow Around the Blunt-Nose Cone Model
        2. 4.3.2 Dual Hologram Shearing Interferometry of the Shock Flow Around the Sharp-Nose Cone Model
        3. 4.3.3 Pulsed Double-Exposure Holographic Shearing Interferometry of Shock Flows in M = 4.0 Wind Tunnel
    3. 5 Mach-Zehnder Shearing Optical Holographic Interferometry with Regulated Sensitivity
      1. 5.1 Applications of Mach-Zehnder Shearing Holographic Interferometry in Aerospace Engineering Research
        1. 5.1.1 Turbulent Heated Air Jet from Heat Gun
        2. 5.1.2 Conical Volatile Liquid Spray
      2. 5.2 Mach-Zehnder Dual Hologram Shearing Interference Technique with Enhanced Sensitivity for Wind Tunnel Testing
        1. 5.2.1 Concept of the Technique
        2. 5.2.2 Experimental Results
      3. 5.3 Phase Measurements in a Supersonic Shock Flow with Reduced Sensitivity: Two-Wavelength Mach-Zehnder Holographic Shearing Interferometry
        1. 5.3.1 Theoretical Concept
        2. 5.3.2 Experimental Realization
        3. 5.3.3 Dual Hologram Approach with Reduced Sensitivity
        4. 5.3.4 Experimental Results
    4. 6 Mach-Zehnder Real-Time Shearing Optical Holographic Interferometry
      1. 6.1 Real-Time Holographic Interference Shearing Technique for Wind Tunnel Testing
        1. 6.1.1 Concept of Design of Real-Time Holographic Shearing Interferometer
        2. 6.1.2 Comparison Hologram Recording
        3. 6.1.3 Hologram Reconstruction and Interferometric Pattern Generation
        4. 6.1.4 Experimental Results
      2. 6.2 Disappearance of Holographic and Interference Fringe Accompanying Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Bow Shock Flow
        1. 6.2.1 Introduction
        2. 6.2.2 Reconstructed Interferograms
        3. 6.2.3 Microscopy Investigation
        4. 6.2.4 Simulations of Refraction of Diagnostic Rays in a Bow Shock
        5. 6.2.5 Discussion and Interpretation of Obtained Experimental Results
    5. Conclusion to Section II
  11. Section III Mach-Zehnder Digital Holographic Interferometry and Related Techniques: Recording Mach-Zehnder Digital Interferograms/Holograms on CCD/ CMOS Sensors and Their Applications
    1. Introduction to Section III
    2. 7 Mach-Zehnder Digital Holographic Interferometry
      1. 7.1 Main Technical Characteristics of CCD/CMOS Sensors Responsible for Imaging Digital Mach-Zehnder Holograms
        1. 7.1.1 Algorithms of Digital Recording and Important Technical Characteristics of CCD/CMOS Sensors
        2. 7.1.2 Ensemble of CCD/CMOS Camera and Its Objective Lens
      2. 7.2 Using CCD/CMOS Sensors for Recording Digital Mach-Zehnder Reference Beam Holograms/Interferograms
        1. 7.2.1 Using Reference Beam Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Recording Digital CCD/CMOS Holograms
        2. 7.2.2 Recording Interferograms/Holograms on Photographic Films and Their Numerical Processing
      3. 7.3 Using CCD/CMOS Sensors for Recording Mach-Zehnder Shearing Holograms/Interferograms
      4. 7.4 Applications of Mach-Zehnder Interferometry Using CCD/CMOS Sensors
        1. 7.4.1 Vaporization of Volatile Fuel Droplets in a Turbulent Chamber
        2. 7.4.2 Laser Breakdown of Tap and Pure Water
    3. 8 Related Diagnostic Techniques
      1. 8.1 White Light Source and Laser Schlieren Diagnostic Techniques for Wind Tunnel Testing by Using CCD/CMOS Imaging
        1. 8.1.1 White Light Source Schlieren Technique
        2. 8.1.2 Laser Schlieren Technique
        3. 8.1.3 Laser-Induced Spark Schlieren Imaging
      2. 8.2 Application of Moire Deflectometry Technique for Gas Dynamic Research
    4. 9 Devices and Equipment for Routine Mach-Zehnder Holographic Interference Experiments
      1. 9.1 Methods of Spatial Filtering Applicable to Mach-Zehnder Holographic Interference Experiments
        1. 9.1.1 Spatial Filtering for Schemes of Recording and Reconstruction
        2. 9.1.2 Cleaning the Diagnostic Beam of a CW Laser
      2. 9.2 Devices and Equipment Required for Performing Routine Mach-Zehnder Holographic Interference Experiments
  12. Conclusion to Section III
  13. Conclusion
  14. References
  15. Index

Product information

  • Title: Holographic Interferometry
  • Author(s): Gregory R. Toker
  • Release date: December 2017
  • Publisher(s): CRC Press
  • ISBN: 9781439881880