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2
HITS
Advanced City Logistics Systems
Andrzej Adamski and Daniel Kubek
INTRODUCTION
The solution of integrated vehicle routing problems (VRPs) in intelligent logistics system (ILS)–
integrated transportation system (ITS) multilayer intelligent, integrated systems is a challenging
research area (Adamski 2002a,b, 2003, 2006a,b, 2007a,b,c,d, 2011). The main challenges con-
centrate on application-oriented practical use of existing functionalities of hierarchical ITS-ILS
systems in which context-oriented intelligent exploration of available system resources is of para-
mount importance. This system-wide approach guarantees many practically important ...