
41Hierarchical Intelligent Transportation Systems
Management
• System-wide management tools: (centralized < — —> distributed)
• Management strategy: public transport LoS (level of service) standards
• Demand/supply spatiotemporal characteristics
• Nominal working points—MoE (measures of efficiency) standards
Knowledge and expert system tolls bases
ATMS < — —> Intelligent supervisor < — —> APTS
Individual
traffic
(S) ATIS, VMS, RGS
(M) traffic processes
(D) vehicles, users,
traffic incidents
Integration: ITS
Supervision (S)
Monitoring (M)
Detection (D)
(S) ATIS, PIS
(M) Timetable
(D) AVL+I, APC
users, incidents
Public
transport
Control
Priority control
Integration: IT