304 Human Factors of a Global Society
radical social changes in the world of organization, including organizational innovations. Katz and
Kahn claim any technological changes be preceded with decisions on social aims. It is rational
behavior and common in the eld of management once costs that social systems have to bear to
repair the aftermath of disturbances evoked by technology are considered. Researchers recommend
experiments, series of attempts, and appraisals that should precede negative results. They have
named their attitude pragmatism. They postulate “using such measures of organisational efciency,
in which the needs of leader and subjects, shareholders and workers, consumers and citizens would
be considered” (Katz and Kahn 1979