Ice Templating and Freeze-Drying for Porous Materials and Their Applications

8Nanomedicine via Freeze‐drying and Ice Templating

8.1 Introduction

There have been continued efforts to develop new pharmaceutical formulations and novel delivery methods to improve drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and patient compliance whilst attempting to reduce the dosage and side effects. Nanomedicine and associated target and responsive delivery have been intensely investigated. In simple terms, ‘nanomedicine’ indicates the formulation and administering of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the form of nanoparticles, usually in the size region of tens and hundreds of nanometres, be it drug nanocrystals, nanoencapsulation, nanoconjugation or with any form of nanocarriers [1–6]. A variety of methods have been developed ...