Industry 4.0 Vision for the Supply of Energy and Materials

10 Electrification of Transportation Transition Toward Energy Sustainability

Hossein Ranjbar and Mahdi Sharifzadeh^*

Sharif Energy, Water and Environment Institute (SEWEI), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran ^*Corresponding author. Sharif Energy, Water and Environment Institute (SEWEI), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

10.1 The Trend of Transportation Electrification

A sustainable and clean transportation system is the most important parameter to improve the standard of living. However, the current transportation system is rarely sustainable due to its high dependency on fossil fuels. Besides, it is not environmentally friendly considering its contribution to nearly 25% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [1].

Electrification of transportation is an effective solution for decreasing the high dependence on fossil fuels and moving toward sustainable and environmentally friendly energy systems. Thus, numerous countries around the world have been progressively setting targets for moving toward transportation electrification. For instance, the European Commission has targeted to reduce 90% of the generated GHG emissions in the transportation part [2]. To achieve this goal, almost all vehicles including light- and heavy-duty cars, buses, and vans should be zero-emission electric vehicles (EVs) [2].

There were several waves of electrification of transportation in history during the 19th century [3]. However, since the emergence of lithium-ion batteries ...