
Chapter 14 n IQ Applied to Document & Knowledge Management 695
KNOWLEDGE-WORKER FRIENDLY KNOWLEDGE-WORKER UNFRIENDLY
Colors are chosen so that the color-
deficient and color-blind (5 to 10 per-
cent of viewers) can make sense of the
graphic (blue can be distinguished from
other colors by most color-deficient
people).
Design is insensitive to color-deficient
viewers; red and green are used for
essential contrasts.
Type is clear, precise, modest; lettering
may be done by hand.
Type is clotted, overbearing.
Type is upper-and-lower case,
with serifs.
Type is all capitals, sans serif.
Principles of Graphical Excellence
The following are characteristics of effective Graphics:
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Well-designed presentation of relevant data — a matter of
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substance, of
statistics, and of design
Consists of complex ideas communicated with
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clarity, precision, and
efficiency
That which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest
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time with the least ink in the smallest space
Nearly always multivariate
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Requires telling
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the truth about the data
Principles of Graphical Integrity
The following are characteristics of Graphics Integrity:
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The representation of numbers, as physically measured on the surface of
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the graphic itself, should be directly proportional to the numerical Quantities
represented.
Clear, detailed, and thorough Labeling should be used to defeat graphi-
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cal distortion and ambiguity ...