Instrumentation Reference Book, 4th Edition

Instrumentation Reference Book, 4th Edition

by Walt Boyes
Released December 2009
Publisher(s): Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 9780750683081

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Book description

Instrumentation embraces the equipment and systems used to detect, track and store data related to physical, chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of materials, systems and operations. While traditionally a key area within mechanical and industrial engineering, it also has a strong presence in electrical, chemical, civil and environmental engineering, biomedical and aerospace engineering. The discipline of Instrumentation has grown appreciably in recent years because of advances in sensor technology and in the inter-connectivity of sensors, computers and control systems. In turn, this has meant that the automation of manufacturing, process industries, and even building and infrastructure construction has been improved dramatically. And now with remote wireless instrumentation, heretofore inaccessible or widely dispersed operations and procedures can be automatically monitored and controlled.

The new 4th edition of this already well-established reference work, will reflect these dramatic changes with improved and expanded coverage of the both the traditional domains of instrumentation as well as the cutting edge areas of digital integration of complex sensor/control systems.


Thoroughly revised, with up-to-date coverage of wireless sensors and systems, as well as nanotechnologies role in the evolution of sensor technology

Latest information on new sensor equipment, new measurement standards, and new software for embedded control systems, networking and automated control

Three entirely new sections on Controllers, Actuators and Final Control Elements; Manufacturing Execution Systems; and Automation Knowledge Base

Up-dated and expanded references and critical standards

Table of contents

  1. Cover image
  2. Table of Contents
  3. Copyright
  4. Preface
  5. Contributors
  6. Introduction
  7. Chapter 1. The Automation Practicum
  8. 1.1. Introduction
  9. 1.2. Job Descriptions
  10. 1.3. Careers and Career Paths
  11. 1.4. Where Automation Fits in the Extended Enterprise
  12. 1.5. Manufacturing Execution Systems and Manufacturing Operations Management
  13. Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Industrial Automation
  14. 2.1. Introduction
  15. 2.2. Standards
  16. 2.3. Sensor and System Design, Installation, and Commissioning
  17. 2.4. Maintenance and Operation
  18. Chapter 3. Measurement Methods and Control Strategies
  19. 3.1. Introduction
  20. 3.2. Measurement and Field Calibration Methodology
  21. 3.3. Process Control Strategies
  22. 3.4. Advanced Control Strategies
  23. Chapter 4. Simulation and Design Software
  24. 4.1. Introduction
  25. 4.2. Simulation
  26. 4.3. Best Practices for Simulation Systems in Automation
  27. 4.4. Ground-up Testing and Training
  28. 4.5. Simulation System Selection
  29. 4.6. Simulation for Automation in the Validated Industries
  30. 4.7. Conclusion
  31. Chapter 5. Security for Industrial Automation
  32. 5.1. The Security Problem
  33. 5.2. An Analysis of the Security Needs of Industrial Automation
  34. 5.3. Some Recommendations for Industrial Automation Security
  35. Chapter 6. Measurement of Flow
  36. 6.1. Introduction
  37. 6.2. Basic principles of Flow Measurement
  38. 6.3. Fluid Flow in Closed Pipes
  39. 6.4. Flow in Open Channels
  40. 6.5. Point Velocity Measurement
  41. 6.6. Flowmeter Calibration Methods
  42. Chapter 7. Measurement of Viscosity
  43. 7.1. Introduction
  44. 7.2. Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Behavior
  45. 7.3. Measurement of the Shear Viscosity
  46. 7.4. Shop-Floor Viscometers
  47. 7.5. Measurement of the Extensional Viscosity
  48. 7.6. Measurement of Viscosity Under Extremes of Temperature and Pressure
  49. 7.7. Online Measurements
  50. 7.8. Accuracy and Range
  51. Chapter 8. Measurement of Length
  52. 8.1. Introduction
  53. 8.2. The Nature of Length
  54. 8.3. Derived Measurements
  55. 8.4. Standards and Calibration of Length
  56. 8.5. Practice of Length Measurement for Industrial Use
  57. 8.6. Automatic Gauging Systems
  58. Chapter 9. Measurement of Strain
  59. 9.1. Strain
  60. 9.2. Bonded Resistance Strain Gauges
  61. 9.3. Gauge Characteristics
  62. 9.4. Installation
  63. 9.5. Circuits for Strain Gauges
  64. 9.6. Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge
  65. 9.7. Capacitive Strain Gauges
  66. 9.8. Surveys of Whole Surfaces
  67. 9.9. Photoelasticity
  68. Chapter 10. Measurement of Level and Volume
  69. 10.1. Introduction
  70. 10.2. Practice of Level Measurement
  71. 10.3. Calibration of Level-Measuring Systems
  72. 10.4. Methods Providing Full-Range Level Measurement
  73. 10.5. Methods Providing Short-Range Detection
  74. Chapter 11. Vibration
  75. 11.1. Introduction
  76. 11.2. Amplitude calibration
  77. 11.3. Sensor practice
  78. 11.4. Literature
  79. Chapter 12. Measurement of Force
  80. 12.1. Basic Concepts
  81. 12.2. Force Measurement Methods
  82. 12.3. Lever-Balance Methods
  83. 12.4. Force-Balance Methods
  84. 12.5. Hydraulic Pressure Measurement
  85. 12.6. Acceleration Measurement
  86. 12.7. Elastic Elements
  87. 12.8. Further Developments
  88. Chapter 13. Measurement of Density
  89. 13.1. General
  90. 13.2. Measurement of Density Using Weight
  91. 13.3. Measurement of Density Using Buoyancy
  92. 13.4. Measurement of Density Using a Hydrostatic Head
  93. 13.5. Measurement of Density Using Radiation
  94. 13.6. Measurement of Density Using Resonant Elements
  95. Chapter 14. Measurement of Pressure
  96. 14.1. What is Pressure?
  97. 14.2. Pressure Measurement
  98. 14.3. Pressure Transmitters
  99. Chapter 15. Measurement of Vacuum
  100. 15.1. Introduction
  101. 15.2. Absolute Gauges
  102. 15.3. Nonabsolute Gauges
  103. Chapter 16. Particle Sizing
  104. 16.1. Introduction
  105. 16.2. Characterization of Particles
  106. 16.3. Terminal Velocity
  107. 16.4. Optical Effects Caused by Particles
  108. 16.5. Particle Shape
  109. 16.6. Methods for Characterizing a Group of Particles
  110. 16.7. Analysis Methods that Measure Size Directly
  111. 16.8. Analysis Methods that Measure Terminal Velocity
  112. 16.9. Analysis Methods that Infer Size from Some Other Property
  113. Chapter 17. Fiber Optics in Sensor Instrumentation
  114. 17.1. Introduction
  115. 17.2. Principles of Optical Fiber Sensing
  116. 17.3. Interferometric Sensing Approach
  117. 17.4. Doppler Anemometry
  118. 17.5. In-Fiber Sensing Structures
  119. Chapter 18. Nanotechnology for Sensors
  120. 18.1. Introduction
  121. 18.2. What is Nanotechnology?
  122. 18.3. Nanotechnology for Pressure Transmitters
  123. 18.4. Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
  124. 18.5. MEMS Sensors Today
  125. Chapter 19. Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Transmitters
  126. 19.1. Introduction
  127. 19.2. Terminology
  128. 19.3. Background Information
  129. 19.4. Attributes and Features of Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Transmitters
  130. 19.5. Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Temperature Transmitters
  131. 19.6. Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Pressure and Differential Transmitters
  132. 19.7. Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Flowmeters
  133. 19.8. Other Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Transmitters
  134. 19.9. Other Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Measurement Systems
  135. 19.10. Fieldbus
  136. 19.11. User Experience with Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Transmitters
  137. 19.12. Fieldbus Function and Benefits
  138. Chapter 20. Industrial Wireless Technology and Planning
  139. 20.1. Introduction
  140. 20.2. The History of Wireless
  141. 20.3. The Basics
  142. 20.4. Planning for Wireless
  143. Chapter 21. Temperature Measurement
  158. 21.1. Temperature and Heat
  159. 21.2. Temperature Scales
  160. 21.3. Measurement Techniques: Direct Effects
  161. 21.4. Measurement Techniques: Electrical
  162. 21.5. Measurement Techniques: Thermocouples
  163. 21.6. Measurement Techniques: Radiation Thermometers
  164. 21.7. Temperature Measurement Considerations
  165. Chapter 22. Chemical Analysis
  166. 22.1. Introduction to Chemical Analysis
  167. 22.2. Chromatography
  168. 22.3. Polarography and Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
  169. 22.4. Thermal Analysis
  170. Chapter 23. Chemical Analysis
  171. 23.1. Introduction
  172. 23.2. Absorption and Reflection Techniques
  173. 23.3. Atomic Techniques: Emission, Absorption, and Fluorescence
  174. 23.4. X-Ray Spectroscopy
  175. 23.5. Photo-Acoustic Spectroscopy
  176. 23.6. Microwave Spectroscopy
  177. 23.7. Neutron Activation
  178. 23.8. Mass Spectrometers
  179. Chapter 24. Chemical Analysis
  180. 24.1. Acids and Alkalis
  181. 24.2. Ionization of Water
  182. 24.3. Electrical Conductivity
  183. 24.4. The Concept of PH
  184. 24.5. Electrode Potentials
  185. 24.6. Ion-Selective Electrodes
  186. 24.7. Potentiometry and Specific Ion Measurement
  187. 24.8. Common Electrochemical Analyzers
  188. Chapter 25. Chemical Analysis
  189. 25.1. Introduction
  190. 25.2. Separation of Gaseous Mixtures
  191. 25.3. Detectors
  192. 25.4. Process Chromatography
  193. 25.5. Special Gas Analyzers
  194. 25.6. Calibration of gas analyzers
  195. Chapter 26. Chemical Analysis
  196. 26.1. Introduction
  197. 26.2. Definitions
  198. 26.3. Measurement techniques
  199. 26.4. Calibration
  200. Chapter 27. Electrical Measurements
  201. 27.1. Units and Standards of Electrical Measurement
  202. 27.2. Measurement of DC and AC Current and Voltage Using Indicating Instruments
  203. 27.3. Digital Voltmeters and Digital Multimeters
  204. 27.4. Power Measurement
  205. 27.5. Measurement of Electrical Energy
  206. 27.6. Power-factor measurement
  207. 27.7. The Measurement of Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance
  208. 27.8. Digital Frequency and Period/Time-Interval Measurement
  209. 27.9. Frequency and phase measurement using an oscilloscope
  210. Chapter 28. Optical Measurements
  211. 28.1. Introduction
  212. 28.2. Light Sources
  213. 28.3. Detectors
  214. 28.4. Detector Techniques
  215. 28.5. Intensity measurement
  216. 28.6. Wavelength and Color
  217. 28.7. Measurement of Optical Properties
  218. 28.8. Thermal Imaging Techniques
  219. Chapter 29. Nuclear Instrumentation Technology
  220. 29.1. Introduction
  221. 29.2. Detectors
  222. 29.3. Electronics
  223. Chapter 30. Measurements Employing Nuclear Techniques
  224. 30.1. Introduction
  225. 30.2. Materials Analysis
  226. 30.3. Mechanical measurements
  227. 30.4. Miscellaneous Measurements
  228. Chapter 31. Non-Destructive Testing
  229. 31.1. Introduction
  230. 31.2. Visual Examination
  231. 31.3. Surface-Inspection Methods
  232. 31.4. Ultrasonics
  233. 31.5. Radiography
  234. 31.6. Underwater Non-Destructive Testing
  235. 31.7. Developments
  236. 31.8. Certification of Personnel
  237. Chapter 32. Noise Measurement
  238. 32.1. Sound and Sound Fields
  239. 32.2. Instrumentation for the Measurement of Sound-Pressure Level
  240. 32.3. Frequency Analyzers
  241. 32.4. Recorders
  242. 32.5. Sound-Intensity Analyzers
  243. 32.6. Calibration of Measuring Instruments
  244. 32.7. The Measurement of Sound-Pressure Level and Sound Level
  245. 32.8. Effect of Environmental Conditions on Measurements
  246. Chapter 33. Field Controllers, Hardware and Software
  247. 33.1. Introduction
  248. 33.2. Field Controllers, Hardware, and Software
  249. Chapter 34. Advanced Control for the Plant Floor
  250. 34.1. Introduction
  251. 34.2. Early Developments
  252. 34.3. The Need for Process Control
  253. 34.4. Unmeasured Disturbances
  254. 34.5. Automatic Control Valves
  255. 34.6. Types of Feedback Control
  256. 34.7. Measured Disturbances
  257. 34.8. The Need for Models
  258. 34.9. The Emergence of MPC
  259. 34.10. MPC vs. ARC
  260. 34.11. Hierarchy
  261. 34.12. Other Problems with MPC
  262. 34.13. Where We are Today?
  263. 34.14. Recommendations for Using MPC
  264. 34.15. What's in Store for the Next 40 Years?
  265. Chapter 35. Batch Process Control
  266. 35.1. Introduction
  267. Chapter 36. Applying Control Valves
  268. 36.1. Introduction
  269. 36.2. Valve Types and Characteristics
  270. 36.3. Distortion of Valve Characteristics
  271. 36.4. Rangeability
  272. 36.5. Loop Tuning
  273. 36.6. Positioning Positioners
  274. 36.7. Smarter Smart Valves
  275. 36.8. Valves Serve as Flowmeters
  276. Chapter 37. Design and Construction of Instruments
  277. 37.1. Introduction
  278. 37.2. Instrument Design
  279. 37.3. Elements of Construction
  280. 37.4. Construction of Electronic Instruments
  281. 37.5. Mechanical Instruments
  282. Chapter 38. Instrument Installation and Commissioning
  283. 38.1. Introduction
  284. 38.2. General Requirements
  285. 38.3. Storage and Protection
  286. 38.4. Mounting and Accessibility
  287. 38.5. Piping Systems
  288. 38.6. Cabling
  289. 38.7. Grounding
  290. 38.8. Testing and Pre-Commissioning
  291. 38.9. Plant Commissioning
  292. Chapter 39. Sampling
  293. 39.1. Introduction
  294. 39.2. Sample System Components
  295. 39.3. Typical Sample Systems
  296. Chapter 40. Telemetry
  297. 40.1. Introduction
  298. 40.2. Communication Channels
  299. 40.3. Signal Multiplexing
  300. 40.4. Pulse Encoding
  301. 40.5. Carrier Wave Modulation
  302. 40.6. Error Detection and Correction Codes
  303. 40.7. Direct Analog Signal Transmission
  304. 40.8. Frequency Transmission
  305. 40.9. Digital Signal Transmission
  306. Chapter 41. Display and Recording
  307. 41.1. Introduction
  308. 41.2. Indicating Devices
  309. 41.3. Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
  310. 41.4. Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
  311. 41.5. Plasma Displays
  312. 41.6. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs)
  313. 41.7. Graphical Recorders
  314. 41.8. Magnetic Recording
  315. 41.9. Transient/Waveform Recorders
  316. 41.10. Data Loggers
  317. Chapter 42. Pneumatic Instrumentation
  318. 42.1. Basic Characteristics
  319. 42.2. Pneumatic Measurement and Control Systems
  320. 42.3. Principal Measurements
  321. 42.4. Pneumatic Transmission
  322. 42.5. Pneumatic Controllers
  323. 42.6. Signal Conditioning
  324. 42.7. Electropneumatic Interface
  325. Chapter 43. Reliability in Instrumentation and Control
  344. 43.1. Reliability Principles and Terminology
  345. 43.2. Reliability Assessment
  346. 43.3. System Design
  347. 43.4. Building High-reliability Systems
  348. 43.5. The Human Operatorin Control and Instrumentation
  349. 43.6. Safety Monitoring
  350. 43.7. Software reliability
  351. 43.8. Electronic and Avionic Systems
  352. 43.9. Nuclear Reactor Control Systems
  353. 43.10. Process and Plant Control
  354. Chapter 44. Safety
  355. 44.1. Introduction
  356. 44.2. Electrocution Risk
  357. 44.3. Flammable Atmospheres
  358. 44.4. Other Safety Aspects
  359. 44.5. Conclusion
  360. Chapter 45. EMC
  373. 45.1. Introduction
  374. 45.2. Interference coupling mechanisms
  375. 45.3. Circuits, Layout, and Grounding
  376. 45.4. Interfaces, filtering, and shielding
  377. 45.5. The Regulatory Framework
  378. Appendix A. General Instrumentation Books
  379. Appendix B. Professional Societies and Associations
  380. Appendix C. The Institute of Measurement and Control
  381. Appendix D. International Society of Automation, Formerly Instrument Society of America
  382. Index

Product information

  • Title: Instrumentation Reference Book, 4th Edition
  • Author(s): Walt Boyes
  • Release date: December 2009
  • Publisher(s): Butterworth-Heinemann
  • ISBN: 9780750683081