Integrating Program Management and Systems Engineering

11INTEGRATION THROUGHOUT THE PROGRAM LIFE CYCLE

11.1 Introduction

This chapter introduces the life cycles of program management and systems engineering and the impact each has on the delivery of benefits and sustainable outcomes. Case studies from various business and industry sectors illustrate how the integration focus evolves from one stage of the program to another. Different integration principles and actions will be emphasized during the evolution of a program. The program's life spans from the development of the strategic intent of the program through the delivery of sustainable benefits. Research illustrates that integration throughout the life of a program influences the ultimate success. To understand the importance of life cycle management, this chapter focuses on the distinguishing characteristics of the program management and systems engineering life cycles, the activities that occur during each cycle, the optimal behaviors, and how the convergence of these life cycles might better enhance outcomes of programs in the future.

11.2 Integration and the Generic Life Cycle

Meredith and Mantel (2011) point out, “Like organic entities, programs have life cycles. From a slow beginning they progress to a buildup of size, then peak, begin a decline, and finally must be terminated. Also, like other organic entities, they often resist termination.” Research on large‐scale global programs highlights the significance of the interconnected network of businesses, organizations, ...