Intelligent Control for Modern Transportation Systems

Chapter 2 Modern transport system Various categories and transitioning challenges

Rudraksh S. Gupta

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University

Arjun Tyagi

Netaji Subhas University of Technology

Sanjeev Anand

Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University

DOI: 10.1201/9781003436089-2

Contents

• Abbreviations
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Classification of EVs
  • 2.2.1 Hybrid electric vehicles
  • 2.2.2 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
  • 2.2.3 Battery electric vehicles
• 2.3 Charging Infrastructure
  • 2.3.1 Charging based on different levels
    • 2.3.1.1 Level-1 charging
    • 2.3.1.2 Level-2 charging
    • 2.3.1.3 Level-3 charging
  • 2.3.2 Charging based on charge transfer pattern
    • 2.3.2.1 Inductive/wireless charging
    • 2.3.2.2 Conductive charging
    • 2.3.2.3 Battery swapping
• 2.4 Headwinds for Transformation ...