4. Non-captive oshoring is the fourth variant of outsourcing and refers to the case when the new
supplier is a non-aliated firm and located abroad.
From an international perspective, the latter two categories of outsourcing, namely captive and non-
captive oshoring, are of particular interest. Table 20.1 illustrates the four concepts.
There are also uncertainties of outsourcing. The requirement of delivering an agreed quality and
quantity of goods and services may be subject to the possession of a certain skill set, equipment and
product development techniques in the outsourced destination. For example, BPO workers ...
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