Internet and Web Application Security, 3rd Edition

Cellular Networks and How They Work

Since the introduction of the cell phone in the late 1970s and early 1980s, there have been continuous efforts to expand and improve cellular networks and services. Cellular service is available in nearly all parts of the globe, and most countries have multiple carriers. As with any supply/demand model, cellular providers must drive innovation to attract and maintain their customer base. The industry categorizes that innovation into five “generations” (so far) of cellular networks and technology. Each generation typically is defined by detailed technology standards published by the international communication standards committees and associations.

1G Networks

First generation (1G) cellular networks emerged ...