
Introduction to Intelligence Studies58
strengthening somewhat the DNI’s power, some critics still maintain it is
still not strong enough to carry out its duties.
Independent Agencies: CIA
e CIA (Figure 3.3) is the only independent member of the IC; that is, it
reports directly to the DNI. All other agencies are part of a cabinet-level
department and therefore report to their respective secretaries. e National
Security Act of 1947 established the CIA and created the National Security
Council. As discussed in Chapter 2 (“History of Intelligence in the United
States”), the realities of the Cold War convinced the United States that it
needed a pe ...