
SIP Quality-of-Service Performance ◾ 223
6. t
arp
: e time required for the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol).
7. t
no
: e time to send a message between the new foreign agent (NFA) and the
old foreign agent (OFA).
Figure 11.9 assumes that a simple VoIP application unaware of mobility is
involved in the QoS parameter measurements and the MN caches the address of
the callee’s CN. Furthermore, it assumes that there was no a priori Internet con-
nection. Hence, the mobile node must initiate the connection when it requires a
VoIP application. erefore the initial delay is the sum of the time required for
Internet connection and VoIP sign ...